Concrete Made With Waste Materials - A Review

The rapid population increase, industrial activities and living trends are generating variety of waste materials. These on the one hand require costly disposal practices and invaluable land while on the other hand pollute the different natural resources and environment. Further, a lot of natural resources are being depleted at a much faster rate now than ever before. The use of waste or waste by product for substitutions of cement and aggregate has greatly contributed to sustainable development practices. The replacement of cement and aggregates by waste materials either in part or in whole improves the mechanical properties too viz., compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, bond strength, modulus of elasticity and reduces permeability, chloride penetration and chloride diffusion of concrete. The workability of waste concrete is generally improved. In this paper, a review of the effects of waste inclusion on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete is presented.