Childhood and adolescent obesity and depression: A systematic literature review

Childhood and adolescent obesity is a major health concern worldwide. This review summarizes the current literature on the association between childhood and adolescent obesity and depression. Multiple scientific databases (PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, CINAHL and PsycINFO; January 1990 to April 2011) were searched for articles focusing on the association between childhood and adolescent obesity and depression. Inclusion criteria were age ? 19 years and studies published in English or translated into English. Fifty-one articles were identified including 19 prospective cohort studies, one randomized controlled trial and one meta-analysis. Fifteen prospective cohort studies reported that childhood obesity is associated with depression, whereas three prospective cohort studies, one systematic literature review, and one meta-analysis showed that childhood depression leads to future obesity. Some cross-sectional studies found no association between childhood obesity and depression. Compared with boys, obese girls are more likely to be depressed. Depression is associated with increased actual body weight, but this relation is also mediated through perceived body weight and dissatisfaction with body image. The majority of studies have shown that childhood and adolescent obesity is associated with depression. Studies have also shown that childhood depression leads to future obesity. Clinicians should be aware of this association and provide mental health assessment, obesity prevention, and treatment when indicated.