Amniotic fluid derived stem cells as an organ specific regenerative medicine: Review

Stem cells are now becoming part of regenerative medicines due to pluripotency, but as some of the major risk factors and ethical considerations; use of amniotic fluid for extracting stem cells have now gained importance in recent years. Much of research is focused on derivatisation of stem cells obtained from amniotic fluid into various organs. Amniotic fluid derived stem cells (AFDSC) are heterogeneous population, devoid of carcinoma development and have no ethical debates. Moreover amniotic fluid (AF) stem cells have high in vitro proliferation potential. AFDSC may guarantee source of stem cell with matching immune profile. AF stem cells may become invaluable source for direct treatment of genetic disorders. The isolation techniques used for AF stem cells extraction got importance for its ease and no need of feeder cells. The work showed use of AF derived stem cells for various organ regeneration like lungs, kidneys, heart muscles, even nowadays scientist have proved its use in Alzheimer’s disease as well and other brain disorders. Use of AF stem cells in hematopoietic system got attention. Recent studies now involve use of AF stem cells for neurotransmitter system also. It is now believed that AF stem cells are most efficient among others stem cells for therapeutic purposes. Risk factors are devoid in case of AF stem cells, moreover, due to plasticity, lack of immunogenicity, lack of tumorogenicity showed AFDSC as safe for therapy and regenerative treatment.