THE CHALLENGES OF THE URBAN PLANNING STRUCTURE AS A SPECIALIST AND ACADEMIC FIELD IN FRANCE: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY IN PLANNING THEORIES

The theoretical frameworks that can be defined as cultural structures take the form of systems of concepts and explain real phenomena. They are often at the center of the frame, the specialized fields. They are considered tools for researchers by organizing scholarly exchanges of different conceptual, analytical, or methodological positions. In this context, the theory of knowledge in urban and urban planning has not yet been settled. These theoretical tools make it possible to explain the relationship between research and practice. Therefore, future professionals' training in urban and urban planning is built in the context of these knowledge-based and practical discussions by incorporating many theoretical contributions to educational practices. As a result, urban planners' training in the English-speaking world and North America cannot be envisaged without referring to the lessons related to theoretical frameworks for urban and urban planning. Given the importance of the topic mentioned above, this research aims to study the challenges and the scientific use of urban and urban planning theories in French universities. We will focus on these theories to understand how these theories are transferred to French universities' teaching levels. This research sheds light on scientific practices through the status and meaning of theoretical teaching in urban and urban planning formation. Beyond academic education, the study aims to shed light on the scientific and cognitive discussions of metropolitan and urban planning science, which is still emerging and is often defined by a set of professional practices before it is organized as an academic field. We deduce from the research problem the hypothesis that the lessons described in theories are no less important in France than in the English-speaking countries. However, they are not clearly defined in France, as they are still in emergence