Genes associated as risk factor Morbus Hansen’s disease: A review article

Introduction: Morbus Hansen is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Morbus Hansen is still a health problem in endemic areas, such as Africa, Southeast Asia and Latin America. Morbus Hansen (MH) is named after the founder of this disease in the 19th century, a doctor from Norway named Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen. An increase in the incidence of Morbus Hansen occurs in people with household contacts with Morbus Hansen sufferers. This manuscript review which gene had a role in morbus Hansen disease. Discussion: Morbus Hansen disease is characterized by a granulomatous inflammatory process in the peripheral nerves and mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and lesions on the skin are the main clinical signs that can be seen. Mycobacterium leprae is intracellular, namely in reticuloendothelial cells, for example macrophages and on peripheral nerves, namely on the Schwan cell. Mycobacterium leprae infection can also attack the eye and testes. Risk factors for the occurrence of Morbus Hansen disease include: living in an endemic area of Morbus Hansen, low socio-economic conditions, such as poor living facilities, contaminated water, poor nutrition, other diseases that can reduce the body's immune system, contact with morbus Hansen patient's and gene risk. Several genes have been studied and are associated with individual susceptibility to infection with the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. Conclusion: Several genes are associated with individual susceptibility to infection with Morbus Hansen Disease. Recent studies have this gene could defects in the cellular immune response more vulrenerable to infection with bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. These defect came from genes that are thought to be associated with Morbus Hansen disease. Furthermore, research studies must confirm these genes.