Evaluation of the anti-diabetic activities of crude extracts of Annona muricata and Rutidea parviflora in alloxan-diabetic rats

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM), is a malignant disease that has impacted the globe in astronomical proportions. Chronic hyperglycemia is a major condition suffered by patients with DM. Currently, the cost of managing DM is highly exorbitant and poses a significant obstacle to many living with the disease in developing countries. Thus, the need for affordable alternatives with optimum potency and minimal side effects is justified. Historically, Annona muricata is one plant that is used in the treatment of DM and a host of other ailments. Rutidea parviflora has been used in combination with other plants in the treatment of DM by some ethnic groups. The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-diabetic activities of these plants. Method: The anti-diabetic activities of aqueous and organic extracts of Annona muricata (leaves), and Rutidea parviflora (root bark) at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, were screened for their anti-diabetic activities in normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats (150-200 g) at 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, and the 12th hour. DMSO (0.3 ml of 33.3% v/v stock) and Glibenclamide 10 mg/kg were administered to the control and reference groups respectively. Result: Organic extracts of A. muricata at 400 mg/kg significantly decreased FBGL in both normoglycemic and hyperglycemic groups by 65.9% and 62.1% respectively (P<0.05). R. parviflora leaves extracts showed less activity. However, it had relatively short acting activity (maximum activity at the 4th hour). In each case, the organic extracts performed better than the aqueous extracts. Conclusion: A. muricata has potentials for the treatment of DM, and merits further research to support the plant's therapeutic application. R. parviflora may offer some beneficial effect, and possibly boost the potency of A. muricata by synergistic activity when co-administered.