The psychometric properties of the Turkish Form of the Other as Shamer Scale-2

Self-conscious emotions arise as a result of the individual's evaluation of her/his behaviors as good or bad and require a certain level of self-awareness. Shame is accepted as a self-conscious emotion and external shame, one of the dimensions of shame, is associated with how other people evaluate the self of the individual. In this study, the Other as Shamer Scale-2, which measures external shame experience of a person that results from others' evaluation about oneself, was adapted to Turkish. The sample consisted of 403 participants (266 females, 137 males; Mage. = 23.38, SD = 6.50). Questionnaire package included the Turkish version of the Other as Shamer Scale-2 as well as Demographic Information Form, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, Trait Guilt and Shame Scale, Interpersonal Sensitivity Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. The results of the exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that the Turkish version of the Other as Shamer Scale-2 had a single factor structure with seven items as consistent with the original scale. The adapted scale demonstrated good internal consistency (α = .85). In terms of validity, the Turkish form was significantly correlated with guilt, shame, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, stress, and life satisfaction in expected directions. Overall, the Turkish version of the Other as Shamer Scale-2 was found to be a reliable and valid measure of external shame. In this respect, it is considered that the Other as Shamer Scale-2 will make an important contribution to the literature for future studies that will focus on external shame.