Dyslipidemia and Atherogenic Index of Plasma among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Dhamar, Yemen

Background: Dyslipidemia is a recognized major risk factor leading to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is expected to be excellent lipid index for predicting CVD. Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and determine atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) among T2DM patients in Dhamar city, Yemen Methods: This was a cross- sectional study carried out on T2DM patients visiting the outpatient's clinics at public and private hospitals in Dhamar city during the study time. A total of 365 patients were enrolled in this study. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained using pretested questionnaire. Blood samples were withdrawn after overnight fast; blood sugar and lipid profiles were spectrophotometrically analyzed. Results: The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was found to be 68.5 %. An elevated serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and High non-HDL-C were detected in 32.1 %, 38.6 %, 18.6 %, 26.6% and 36.8% of study subjects, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression revealed significant independent association between dyslipidemia and male diabetic patients (AOR = 1.98; CI = 1.11- 3.53; P = 0.021), unemployed (AOR = 2.077; CI% = 1.15-3.77; P = 0.016) and patients with mean FBS >180 mg/dl (AOR = 2.39; CI% = 1.29-4.42; P = 0.005), respectively. Regarding of AIP, the results showed that 78.36 % of diabetic patients had high risk, 10.68% had a moderate risk and 10.96 % had low risk levels of AIP. Accordingly, AIP was found to be positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.105; P = 0.044), LDL-C (r = 0.138; P = 0.008), and non-HDL-C (r = 0.316; P < 0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidemia is high among type2 diabetic patients and the majority are at high risk level of AIP. Therefore, an effective screening and therapeutic processes is required to manage dyslipidemia and to protect its serious complication in diabetic patients.