Modern Features of Epidemiology and Prevention of Major Eye Diseases of Infectious and Non-Infectious Etiology (Literature Review)

It is a common knowledge that today not only practical health services, but also modern science, are entrusted with the tasks of medical prevention. It is required to activate the preventive direction and create a scientific basis, as well as socio-medical and political-financial-comfortable environment to provide a mechanism for the development and implementation of preventive services [1]. Literacy in the prevention of socially significant diseases is a key tool in solving modern socio-demographic problems, due to the relatively high level of hard endpoints (premature mortality, irreversible blindness) and a significant level of prevalence of risk factors (RF) of chronic diseases of infectious or non-infectious etiology [2]. This is reflected in a large number of studies devoted to the search for advanced innovative technologies for early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of these pathologies. They have the same logic: it is impossible to reduce the still high numbers of vision disability in the world "in the age of high technologies in medicine", including the introduction of modern technologies and drugs. But historically, in the 60s of the twentieth century, during the years of active work on the prevention of trachoma, carried out by all ophthalmologists of the republics of Central Asia, patients with "endpoints" of this disease became less and less every year, and soon trachoma was eliminated [3]. The history of ophthalmology dictates the need to reform it through aspects of historical preventive ophthalmology.