Battery Management System using Passive Elements and Arduino

Li-ion batteries are used in the fields of electric vehicles and energy storage because of low self-discharge rate, long cycle life high energy density, and have wide operation temperature range. For safety and proper management of Li-ion battery packs, a battery management system (BMS) is required. Balancing process is important for keeping battery lifespan and protecting the battery cell in series connection. Commonly, passive balancing is widely used in BMS because it is cheap and simple to implement. The passive balancing used passive element (resistor or diode) to discharge the excess charge of battery. A BMS is designed using hardware components like resistors, diode, transistors, led etc. Here we are using MOSFET for switching voltage to balance the cells and with the help of a diode and resistor we will discharge the battery. The experimental platform has the following functions: voltage and current measurements, SOC calculation, cell balancing, and charging of cells, etc.