A Study on Cervical Cancer Screening Using Pap Smear Test and Clinical Correlation

Background: carcinoma cervix is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing country like INDIA, most probably due to lack of proper screening facilities or due to lack of awareness among the women of developing country. In INDIA cervical cancer is most common genital cancer in women.Worldwide, cervical cancer is the second most common and 5th deadliest cancer in women. Objective: The aim of this study to evaluate the role of pap smear in detecting premalignant and malignant lesions as well as nonneoplastic lesion of cervix and to study the different epithilial abnormalities of cervix. Place & Duration of Study: The study was conducted over a period of 6-months in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Umaid Hospital, Dr. S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur. Methods: Study was conducted on 500 females who were not pregnant who had been attending OPD for various gynecological complaints, of different parity and more than 21 years of age. Detailed history was taken and thorough examination was done. Pap smear was prepared and all smear were reported as per the Bethesda system. Result: Commonest presenting complaints was white discharge (46.8 %).Maximum no of patient were in the age group of 21-45 years of age and multiparous.On pap smear, Maximum cases were of inflammatory smear (89.2 %) 2.2 % had ASCUS, 2 % LSIL, 1.4 % HSIL, 0.4 % had SCC. Most of the women in our study had age at marriage between 17 to 19 yrs (49.4 %) Conclusion: Pap smear is simple, noninvasive, cost effective and important tool for early detection of premalignant and malignant lesion of cervix.Regular pap smear screening should be conducted in vulnerable age group. Women with an abnormal pap test should undergo a colposcopy and those with abnormal colposcopy finding should be advised to undergo a biopsy.