Etiopathogenesis of Abhishyanda (Allergic Conjunctivitis) from Ayurveda and Modern Perspective - A Critical Review

The term Abhishyanda is used extensively in Ayurvedic literature in different contexts. In Sushruta Samhita it is mentioned that Abhishyanda is the root cause of all the eye diseases. The word Abhishyanda is formed by two words- Abhi and Shyandana, Abhi mean 'all around' and Shyanda mean 'oozing/flowing'. Allergic conjunctivitis is the most common type of eye allergy and is widely experienced by global population. Signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis like redness, itching, watering, burning, F.B. sensation, photophobia and ropy discharge which simulates with signs and symptoms of Abhishyanda explained in our classics. Nidanas of Netra Rogas can be considered as the Nidanas of Abhishyanda Like- sleeping during day time, awaking at night hours, excessive use of sour item, suppression of natural urges, intake of alcohol, working in polluted and smoky area etc. In modern ophthalmology also dust, smoke, pollution, seasonal variation, pollens, mites and pet dander are considered as etiological factors of the disease Simple Allergic. When vitiated Dosha provoked by factors directly affects the ocular surface lead to more vitiation of Rasa and Rakta. These vitiated Rasa and Rakta by Vata lead to the clinical features like watery discharge, itching, Redness etc.