Soybean by-Products in the Diet of Monogastrics in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review

Some food resources locally available that cannot be used for human consumption deserve special attention with regard to their valorization in animal feed to ensure significant progress in animal production. Soybeans are one of the world's leading sources of animal feed with rapid growth, high nutritional value while allowing more protein to be produced per hectare. Soybean by-products are among the food resources having been the subject of several research studies in the diet of monogastrics in sub-Saharan Africa. These by-products include soybean meal, soymilk and okara (soybean pulp) which are produced through processing soybeans. By relying heavily on low-cost feed formulation to optimize the use of agricultural raw materials, these locally available by-products are the subject of fundamental choice. On the basis of a systematic documentary research, this article presents an inventory of the valuation of those soy by-products while focusing on their nutritional value, the evaluation of zootechnical and economic performance, their accessibility and availability and then, their use in the diet of monogastric in sub-Saharan Africa. Several forms of use of soybean by-products have been inventoried in the feed of monogastric, but few studies have focused on the valorization of Okara (soybean pulp). The use of these by-products in feeding monogastric has also proven to be technically and economically profitable. The study suggests options for upgrading Okara in the feed of monogastric animals to make the most this by-product locally available and better optimize production costs for monogastric farmers.