The Invention of Dark Matter and Authentic Galactic Star Dynamics

Through a mathematical analysis that includes the law of Gauss for the flow of the gravitational field, it is demonstrated that the force on several stars in a galaxy can be greater than what other researchers have estimated. Consequently, this means that neither galaxies nor clusters of galaxies disintegrate would have happened according to the great radial velocities of the stars and galaxies, that have been determined experimentally in the past. Using the obtained results of this analysis, the existence of the postulated Dark Matter, in order to justify and to balance these radial velocities that have been measured in many galaxies, is considered to be superfluous. Also, in this work we propose a method to determine, in an approximate way, the density and the distribution of the mass in galaxies and galaxy clusters, based on the radial velocity rotation curves that are obtained spectrally.