Herbicidal Effect of Concentrated Acetic Acid Alone and its Clove Polar Compounds Extract Formulation on Mono and Dicotyledonous Weeds

Polar compounds of clove were extracted with acetic acid as a solvent, the crude extract was qualitative phytochemically screened, and saponins, tannins and traces of alkaloids were detected in it. The crude extract with solvent and the solvent were tested on wheat and cucumber as patterns for mono and dicotyledonous plants under laboratory conditions. The crude extract showed high inhibition effect on germination, root and shoot growth of both plants under study although the effect was greater on wheat than cucumber. In addition, the effect of the crude with acetic acid was higher than that of acetic acid used alone. The crude was then formulated as 10 % soluble concentrate formulation (SL). The new formula succeeded to pass all tests specified for soluble concentrates. It was then tested on wheat and cucumber under laboratory conditions. The new formula also inhibited germination, root and shoot growth of both plants by greater values compared to that of the crude with solvent (a.i). Under greenhouse conditions, the new formula and the solvent were tested as post emergence treatment on Phalaris minor and Rumix dentatus as patterns for mono and dicotyledonous weeds as a foliar application. The results showed clearly that formulated clove extract 10%SL at 4% gave 95% burning on phalaris minor and 80% on Rumix dentatus, however acetic acid (solvent) at 4% gave 65% on phalaris minor and 60% Rumix dentatus after 14 days of application. Also the formulated extract showed greater effect as reduction of shoots fresh and dry weight than acetic acid (solvent) alone. The effect that appeared as burning and reduction in shoots fresh and dry weight but the effect on monocotyledons was greater than that on dicotyledons.