Reactive Oxigen Species, Antioxidant and Expression of Prostaglandin E2

The aging process will occur in all living things. In the aging process there will be decreased function of various organs and physical changes. According to anti-aging medicine, the process of aging considered a disease that can be prevented, treated, and even treated returned to its optimal state like still young. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of the aging process and various degenerative diseases such as cancer, diabetes and mellitus its complications, as well as atherosclerosis underlying heart, blood vessel and stroke disease. Free radicals can be produced from the body's metabolic products external factors such as cigarette smoke, the results of ultraviolet irradiation, chemicals inside food and other pollutants. The human body can neutralize free radicals when the amount is not excessive. The body's defense mechanism from free radicals is in the form of antioxidants at the cellular level, membrane, and extra cells. UVA and UVB exposure to the skin can reduce endogenous antioxidants in all layers of skin such as glutathione, Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ubiquinol. While exposure to UVA and UVB produce free radicals such as Hydrogen Peroxidase, Anion Superoxide, Nitric Oxide can cause reactive oxygen species. Antioxidants are compounds that can absorb or neutralize free radicals so that they can prevent degenerative diseases. Natural antioxidant compounds are generally in the form of vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and polyphenolics which can be in the form of groups flavonoids, derivatives of cinnamic acid, quomarin, tocopherols and organic acids polyfunctional. Flavonoids which have antioxidant activity include flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, catechins, flavones, and chalcons. UV rays stimulate the production of pro-inflamatory factors, namely prostaglandins E2 induced in the presence of cyclo-oxygenase-2, interleukin and platelet-activating factor mediators.