A Review to Coral Reef Ecosystem: A Critical Habitat to Look after for Conservation of Marine Biodiversity

Corals are found in tropical and sub-tropical world’s oceans. Corals are the most diversified, economically, and ecologically valuable ecosystems. Reef ecosystem covers 0.1 % area of the world and supports 25 % of ocean life, including fish, crustaceans, mammals, sponges, and echinoderms. Corals are also known as Rainforests of the Sea’ because of the native biodiversity. Coral reefs provide economic, social, cultural, and ecosystem services. Despite providing immense ecosystem services, corals are degraded to a great extent due to climate change, anthropogenic threats, Coastal development, overfishing, and destructive fishing practices. This magnificent creature of nature needs to be protected by adopting management and conservation strategies recommended by national and international authorities. Some advanced management methods like satellite-based study (mapping, monitoring) and coral gardening adaptation are essential for obtaining maximum benefits out of the reefs ecosystem without harming it.