Association between Serum Leptin and Anti-Mullerian Hormones in Women with Infertility in Ogbomoso Southwest Nigeria

Background: One in every five women in Nigeria suffers infertility, 81.0 % of whom occurs as a result of an underlying factor. However, available data on evaluation of ovarian function as an index of fertility are largely cycle-dependent and their usefulness confounded by the use of contraceptives. This study assessed more reproducible markers of ovarian function and determines the association between serum Leptin and Anti-mullerian Hormones in Ogbomoso municipal, Southwest Nigeria. Methods: The study was age-matched case-control in a 1: 1 ratio involving 64 fertile women with informed consent and granted ethical approval. One hundred and twenty-eight women with a mean age 32.9 (5.8) years (standard deviation) were recruited for the study. Serum leptin and AMH levels were measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Appropriate statistical test was used to analyse encrypted data using IBM Corp Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) TM for Windows version 23.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). The confidence level was set at 95 % and p less than 0.05 level was significant. Results: The median (interquartile range) of anti mullerian hormone (AMH) and leptin of the infertile women were 3.6 (1.6-11.9) and 300.5 (163.8-816.9) respectively. The statistically significantly higher median (IQR) of AMH (10.68 versus 1.7ng/ml; p=less than 0.0001) and leptin (657.64 versus 175.26 ng/ml; p=less than 0.0001) were observed between the fertile and the infertility arm. A weaker positive correlation coefficient was observed between Leptin and AMH level in infertile women (R=0.445, pless than0.001) compared with the fertile arm (R=0.765, pless than0.001). There were no significant association between Leptin, AMH with body mass index and age of the respondents. Conclusion: A higher median and stronger correlation coefficient of serum leptin and AMH was associated in fertile women compared with infertile women.