Analysis of Neuronal Differentiation 1 (NEUROD1) Gene and Mutations in Subphylum Vertebrata by using Bioinformatics Tools

Chemically Neuronal differentiation 1 (NEUROD1) (C1741H2688N484O561S17) is a 356 amino acids protein sequence of NeuroD family that acts as an transcription factor, which forms heterodimers with basic helix‐loop‐helix protein and activates transcription of genes that contain an E-box (specific DNA sequence). It regulates expression of the insulin gene and mutations in this gene can result in Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (truncated NEUROD1) or Type II diabetes mellitus (arg111-to-leu). In this examination, bioinformatics tools were used for multiple sequence alignment of an aggregate of two hundred and ninety eight NEUROD1 protein sequences from vertebrata subphylum was done and they were studied by free to use bioinformatics softwares available on internet. The protein properties of the sequences (molecular mass, pI, signal peptide, transmembrane helices and conserved domains, secondary and 3D structures) were studied. The study of NEUROD1 protein sequences uncovered that there is high identity between the NEUROD1 present in vertebrata subphylum. PROCHECK tool was used to draw Ramachandran plot of the NEUROD1 protein (Gene ID: 4760) and the structure of the protein was studied. The study demonstrated that most of the residues of the protein sequence were situated in the most preferred areas in Ramachandran plot, showing that the simulated three-dimensional structure was authentic. Gene ontology and local synteny conservation of the NEUROD1 protein was studied. Evolutionary investigation demonstrated that there is a relationship between the NEUROD1 proteins in species of vertebrata subphylum under study. As indicated by the analysis, NEUROD1 ought to be derived from a common predecessor. For genomic analysis of mutations using RFLP Restriction mapping of enzymes were done and primer designing for NEUROD1 protein sequence was done. These predictions, however, need further work to validate reliability.