Review on Tumor Suppressor Genes and their Interplay in Breast Cancer: The Caretakers

Cancer is noted as one of the few diseases that exists in several forms, among various species from the ancient times to current world and most importantly regarding all the advancement of our medical science, the number of active cases is increasing on a daily note worldwide. Undoubtedly breast cancer which is worldwide abundant, is one of the major threat to our modern day scenario and it comes with a poor disease diagnosis as well as not so low death rate. With the help of studies we have came to identify the genes that are crucial for the onset and the development of the disease in humans and also some other factors that might stimulate the diseases progression. BRCA gene family, which include BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the most potent one that are involved in any types of breast cancers. Mutations in these genes can make someone more susceptible towards getting the disease thus also making it a hereditary disease for some instances. In this review, we shall discuss how BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are vital and their mutations can trigger breast cancer. We shall try to look into the BRCA proteins structures, how their different domains interact with other molecules and how they carry out their normal cellular functions. Moreover, we shall also like to investigate how p53, which is found playing a major role in almost every cancer, regulates those two BRCA genes and try to find a correlation between them.