Bioceramics as Root Canal Sealers: A Review

Epoxy resin-based sealers which are currently widely used have limitations, including possible mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, and hydrophobicity. Recently, bioceramic-based sealers containing calcium silicate and calcium phosphate attracted considerable attention because of their physical and biological properties such as their alkaline pH, chemical stability within the biological environment, and lack of shrinkage. Bioceramic materials containing calcium phosphate, enhances the setting properties of bioceramics and results in a chemical composition and crystalline structure similar to tooth and bone apatite materials, thereby improving sealer-to-root dentin bonding. This review focuses on advantages, mechanism of action, classification and detailed insight into individual bioceramic sealers currently used along with their properties.