Research on Agricultural Significance and Resistance to Pests and Diseases of Horse Beans (VICIA FABA L.) in Azerbaijan

At all times, the determining standard of the socio-economic development of a civilized state was the standard of living of its population, the main indicator of which is the level of consumption of vital food products, including consumption of fruits and vegetables. The role of legumes in effectively meeting the demand of the population for proteins is indisputable. Proteins rich in amino acids, vitamins and minerals make beans a high-quality food. In order to meet the demand of the population in beans through local production, it is necessary to create stable and high-yielding varieties. In Azerbaijan, the sowing of vegetable beans does not have much production value. The culture is mainly used for research purposes and is cultivated in small areas, like garden. Therefore, the study of the morphobiological features of plants of the prospective variety in each region and the comprehensive study of the genetic resources of culture is relevant. The article is devoted to the results of a study of the local gene pool of horse or fodder beans and materials from ICARDA. Yield and analysis of crop structure, disease resistance were analyzed. One of the reasons for the limited sowing of leguminous plants is the presence in their seeds of various concentrations of taian and such food additives as vitcin and konvitsin. These supplements contribute to the breakdown of red blood cells. This disease was given the name ?fabismus? in accordance with the name of the beans. In the middle of the last century, the amount of this disease has greatly increased in the south of Azerbaijan. For this reason, in the 60s of the last century there were many social measures to limit the cultivation of legumes. In order to enrich the collection, samples Flip15-100FB, Flip15-077FB, Flip15-096FB, Flip15-097FB, Flip15-079FB, Flip15-061FB, Flip15-098FB, Flip15-099 FB, ICAWHAZ with white flowers, which were immune resistant, were selected, fertile, with low levels of harmful substances. Since samples with a low level of harmful substances are new for our republic. These studies are an important initial study for the subsequent production of new varieties. We hope that this will lead to an increase in the acreage of legumes in our republic. The aim of the research was to study the variability of the morphometric and biochemical characteristics of the introduced beans and the creation of the initial material for the selection of new varieties. Research and study of the possibilities of new, as well as, already known varieties, can help in achieving this goal. In general, the collection, study and reproduction of legumes, known as a healthy and effective alternative source of protein in a person's daily diet requires the creation of new varieties.