Purple Corn Anthocyanin Extract Improves Oxidative Stress of Rats Fed High Fat Diet via Superoxide Dismutase Mechanism

The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of Purple Corn Anthocyanin Extract (PCAE) in improving oxidative stress of rats fed High Fat Diet (HFD) as well as possible mechanism involved. Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups. Five groups were given HFD for 4 weeks to induced oxidative stress and added the following injection orally for 6 weeks later: pioglitazone 1.35 mg/kg body weight (bw) (positive control group, PC), PCAE at dose 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside (CGE) /kg bw (LA, MA, and HA groups, respectively), and nothing (negative control group, NC). Normal control group (NLC) was given AIN93M for along 10 weeks. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity of plasma and liver, body weight, liver weight, plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), liver histopathology were measured, while lipid peroxidation and liver index were calculated. High fat diet increased plasma and liver malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid peroxidation index of plasma and liver, liver weight, liver index, and liver mitochondria SOD, while reduced total antioxidant capacity of plasma and liver, and liver SOD activity. Supplementation of PCAE improved oxidation stress by reducing plasma and liver MDA, lipid peroxidation index in plasma and liver, liver weight, liver index, and liver mitochondria SOD, moreover increasing plasma and liver total antioxidant capacity and liver SOD activity. The best dose of PCAE supplementation to improve oxidative stress induced by HFD was 12.5 mg CGE/kg bw as well as pioglitazone 1.35 mg/kg bw. PCAE could improve oxidative stress induced by HFD via SOD mechanism.