Application of Geo-Spatial Technique in River Shifting Analysis of the Ghaghara River: Case Study from Bahraich to Ballia, Uttar Pradesh, India

The present Study evaluated the Spatio-temporal variation in term of river sifting analysis of the previous 43 years using Survey of India (SOI) toposheet on 1: 50, 000 scale and Satellite imageries were studied for the flood dynamics. In the study, the maximum migration of the River channel has recorded which is 7, 4.9, 6.5, 4.5 kilometers sifted with a rate of 464.9, 195, 184.8, 105.3 meter/year from 1975-1990, 1975-2000, 1975-2010, 1975-2018 respectively in direction NNE in its proximal part and SSW in the distal part. The spatio-temporal sinuosity of the channel has been measured which is 1.3, 1.3, 1.2, 1.2, and 1.3 for year 1975, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018, respectively. The dominance of sand and silt are prone to lateral erosion and further Sinuosity in the river occurs due to high discharge and sudden reduction in gradients as well as flow velocity. The analysis with respect of the abbreviation is very susceptible to identify the future migration. Due to irregular meandering, lateral shifting and the high sinuosity which is very sensitive to persistent floods and lateral erosion that causes major losses of property and living beings. It is suggested that the structure to protect the floods is essential for both of its bank.