Bone Augmentation Procedures - Review

Introduction: In cases of advanced horizontal or vertical bone loss, as well as insufficient bone volume to an anatomical object, bone augmentation procedures are required. Aim: The aim of this review was to assess the reliability of four augmentation procedures, including bone block grafting, ridge split technique, lateralization or transposition of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and guided bone regeneration (GBR). Material and Methods: Articles published from 1992 to 2019 were included in the review. The search was performed using various combination of keywords such as 'bone block augmentation', 'ridge split', split-crest', 'guided bone regeneration', 'lateralization of inferior alveolar nerve', 'transposition of inferior alveolar nerve', 'platelet-rich plasma', 'barrier membrane', 'bone grafting'. Results: The selected articles provided data about the effectiveness of the bone block grafting, ridge split technique, lateralization or transposition of IAN and guided bone regeneration. The complications, associated with the mentioned procedures were also reviewed. Conclusion: All mentioned procedures: guided bone regeneration, bone block graft augmentation, lateralization of IAN and ridge split technique seem to be reliable methods for bone augmentation. Thanks to these techniques is possible to provide implant treatment, when the existing bone is of insufficient volume.