Renal Toxicity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs) of Male Westar Rats

Background Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most commonly utilized materials in diverse industrial fields such as dyes, paints, pigments, metallurgy additives, rubber, alloys, ceramics, chemical fibers, electronics, catalyst, medical diagnosis, sunscreens, cosmetics, personal care products, and food additives. Nano particles have the ability to enter, penetrate physiological barriers, and travel within the circulatory systems to all body organs affecting the health of human and animals. Understanding various adverse effects of ZnO NPs on cellular and organs functions is necessary to provide better approaches for them. Aim of work In the present study, we evaluated the potential toxicity of ZnONPs in kidney of Westar rats. Methods The current study was carried out on forty apparently healthy mature male Westar rats weighing between 120-200 gm with average three months age. The rats weredivided randomly into four groups (10 rats/ group). Group I (G1) was kept as a control and fed with a basal diet only. Group II (G2), Group III (G3) and Group IV (G4) were obtained ZnO NPsin a dose 100, 250 and 500 mg/ kg body weight respectively by oral gavage for 21 days. At the end of experiment, cervical dislocation of rats and the kidneys were separated for the histopathological studies. Result The present investigation revealed that the kidney of the control group (G1) showed normal renal parenchyma without any abnormalities. Meanwhile, G2 and G3 showed mild to moderate necrosis of the renal corpuscle and renal tubules with moderate accumulations of dense acidophilic material in intra tubular parts. With increasing dose of ZnO NPs, the renal toxicity became more obvious where, the kidney of G4 showed severe necrosis in the renal corpuscles with severs dilatation of the renal tubules accompanied with sloughing and degeneration of its lining epithelium, with sever accumulation of dense acidophilic material in intra and inter tubular parts, sever nephritis with sever inammatory cells inltration and fibrous tissue proliferation. Conclusion The present investigation was concluded that the ZnO NPs have potential renal toxicity that may affect the function of the kidney.