Bone Marrow Study in Hematological Disorders: A One Year Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North East India

Background Most often, bone marrow is involved in hematological and non-hematological disorders, which are diagnosed by two separate but interrelated techniques viz. bone marrow aspiration (BMA) and bone marrow biopsy (BMB). Aim The main objective of this study was finding out the causes of hematological disorders by evaluating the bone marrow aspiration cytology and bone marrow biopsy and correlating both these parameters to arrive at a more conclusive final diagnosis. Results Out of 125 cases of BMA cases studied, 35 cases had also undergone BMB. Among study subjects, 61.29 % were male and 38.71 % were female with age group ranging from 6 months to 70 years. In our study 30.65 % cases were Acute leukemias, 16.13 % (20) cases of anemias and 11.29 % (14) cases with platelet disorders. Among anemias, Megaloblastic anemia was most common followed by Iron deficiency anaemia and combined nutritional deficiency anemia. Others were Myelodysplastic syndrome, plasma cell dyscrasias, myeloproliferative neoplasm, one case of hemophagocytic syndrome. Conclusion The study concludes that bone marrow examination is the basic cornerstone to arrive at the diagnosis of most hematological and non-hematological disorders.