Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Cotyledon of Two Variety of Mangifera indica L.

Mangifera indica, (Mango) commonly used plant in Ayurvedic medicine. Mangoes belong to genus Mangifera which consists of about 30 species of tropical fruiting trees in the family Anacardiaceae. Mango peels and seed kernels are the major by-products of mango juice industry, they are rich sources of natural bioactive compounds which play an important role in prevention of diseases. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed with five different solvent extracts such as ethanol, acetone, petroleum ether, chloroform and aqueous extracts of Mangifera indica seed kernel extracts that showed alkaloid, carbohydrates, saponins, phenol, diterpenes, terpenoids, protein, xanthoprotein, tannins, quinone, steroids and coumarin. The ethanol and aqueous extract showed increased amount of phytoconstituents when compared to other extracts. This study emphasized specifically on the potential of the mango seed kernel by discovering the prospective usage of mango seed kernels as a source of phytoconstituents and antimicrobial constituents against medically important pathogen Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis (Gram positive), Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia (Gram negative), and fungi such as Aspergillus niger, Epidermophyton floccosum and Candida albicans. The present study endeavor to screen two varieties of mango kernels, Banganapalli and Rumani extracted using five extraction solvents (acetone, aqueous, chloroform, ethanol and petroleum ether) examine the potential of mango kernel as natural antimicrobial against four bacterial strains and three fungal strains. Well diffusion method was employed to determine the antimicrobial activity. The extracts were compared with standards like Amoxicillin and Ketoconazole for antibacterial and antifungal activity respectively. It was found that Banganapalli had the best antimicrobial activity in the ethanol and aqueous extracts when compared to Rumani. This finding would probably become an alternative source of new and natural antibacterial and antifungal agents.