Correlation of Renal Artery Vascular Resistive Index by Renal Doppler Sonography with High Risk Factors in Diabetic Patients

Objective Renal artery resistive index evaluation of both kidneys in patients with diabetes mellitus and control group along with its correlation with high risk factors in diabetes. Materials and Methods This study comprised of 50 cases of diabetic mellitus (NIDDM) in age group of (40-60 years) and 50 cases of non-diabetic in age match control. Total 100 cases underwent duplex ultrasonography. Both groups of 50 cases each will be tested for fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, glycosylated haemoglobin along with their complete history regarding duration of diabetes, alcohol consumption, smoking habit. Results In our study, patients were divided into two groups based on their RI values. group 1 with RI more than 0.7 and group 2 with RI less than 0.7. Mean age of the patients in group 1 is 55.73 years and group 2 is 54.05 years. Mean duration of Diabetes in patients with RI greater than0.7 is 11.07 years compared to those with normal RI of 4.7 years. There are 40 % smokers in group I compared to 30 % in group 2. Dyslipidemia is present in 60 % of patients of group 1 and 30 % in group II patients. Mean fasting blood sugar is 101.4 mg/dl in group 1 patients and 98.2 mg/dl in group 2 patients.27 patients are within 100-109mg/dl range which are 27 in number. Glycosylated haemoglobin is 6.6 % in group 1 versus 6.0 % in group 2. Mean RI of control group is 0.62 versus mean RI of diabetic group is 0.715, standard deviation 0.01. Conclusion According to our study high risk factors of diabetes patients such as old age, smoking, dyslipidemia, increased duration of diabetes are found to have significant correlation with RI. No correlation was found between glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood sugar. Therefore, RI can be helpful as an additional tool to monitor diabetic patients for detecting complication like diabetic nephropathy. RI demonstrates changes of renal vascular resistance in patients with impaired kidney function. Thus, intrarenal RI could prompt physician to a more tight control of blood sugar in group of diabetics, delaying progression to ESRD.