Evaluation of Thyroid Autoimmunity in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with Respect to Gender

BackgroundType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with autoimmune diseases such as thyroiditis. Autoimmune thyroiditis in type 1DM were studied in many cases, but the statusof thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity in respect to sex difference is not well clarified. However, very limiteddata were available from KSA, despite an increase in incidence of disease. ObjectiveThe present study was aimed to compare and evaluate the thyroid function& autoimmune thyroiditis disorders between male and femalesin Saudi children with Type 1 DMand to evaluate their effect on HbA1c level as glycemic marker and Body Mass Index (BMI). Method A clinical-based descriptive, analytical study was conducted during the period from March 2015 to August 2017.132 patients with Type 1 DM (76Males& 56 females) were selected as a test group compared with a control group which included 72 apparently healthy volunteers (40 males, 32 females), patients and controls were from Najran University Hospital& the King Khalid Hospital in Najran City- Saudi Arabia. The study excluded patients with thyroid disease, renal disease, liverdisease, and anemia. HbA1c was measured using chromatography technique. The sera wereused to assay the TSH concentrations using ELC (Electrochemiluminescent) technology whileGAD antibodies, TPO antibodies& TG antibodies were measured by ELISA (Enzyme-LinkedImmunosorbent Assay) from abcam UK. The data were analyzed by SPSS. Results Results of our study reveal that the concentrations of TSH, Anti-TG, Anti-TPO and Anti -GAD were found to be significantly increased in patients with type 1 DM, in comparison to control group (P value 0.05). On the other hand the serum levels of anti- TPO and anti-TG concentration were significantly higher in diabetic female compared to diabetic male (p