RESIDUAL STRESS PRODUCED AFTER MACHINING IN MECHANICAL COMPONENTS AND ITS EFFECTS ON FATIGUE LIFE: A STATE OF ART

The residual stresses are produced during metal working of engineering components before they are exposed to the service. This phenomenon is dominant in machining processes where cutting tool and work material are in contact with each other and as a result of elastic-plastic deformation of the material, heat treatment. Such stresses are found to have a very significant effect on the fatigue lifeof components. Those stresses that exist in a machine part without external loading being present, these residual stresses are “locked into” the component in the absenceof external loadingand represent a datum stress over which the service load stresses are subsequently superimposed. An exhaustive research is necessary to measure and control such stresses so that corrective measures can be taken while designing the components for expected service. This paper presents an exhaustive literature on the development of residual stresses in machining processes in general and turning operation in particular