Biomechanical Effect of Nd.YAG Laser Ablation on Commercially Pure Titanium Dental Implant (In Vivo Study)

BackgroundA lot of studies have been done on dental implant that aim to fasilitate bone formation and enhance osseointegration and hence reduce the unloading period after insertion of dental implant which may last for 3-6 months render the patient be disturb and uncomfortable. Aims of the studyThis study evaluate the effect of modification of dental implant topography by laser ablation on the force needed to remove implant from bone and osseointegration. Materials and methodsAt first pilot study was done in order to select the energy of Nd. YAG laser, according to roughness measurement and SEM feature of Ti surface Thirty six screw like implants were prepared from cpTi. Eighteen implants were ablated with Nd. YAG laser to get optimal uniform roughness, and the other 18 implants are left machined. The implants were implant in rabbit tibia, each rabbit tibia received 2 implants, one ablated implant (as an experimental) and the other machined implant (as a control). After 2 and 4 weeks of healing, the removal torque was measured to evaluate the bone strength between implant and bone for 8 implants and histological analysis is done for one implant for each interval period ResultsThe results revealed that there was high significant difference between removal torque of the laser ablated implant and that of machined implant over the two period time. There was an increase in the bone strength (removal torque) of bone implant interface with time in the same group. Conclusion Ablation of cpTi implants with Nd. YAG laser was efficient in enhancing removal torque value and hence enhancing osseointegration when compared with machined implants.