A Rare Presentation of Human Parvovirus B19 in a Child with Sickle Cell Disease: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome [aHUS] has been conventionally defined by the triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and renal failure without the known infectious triggers. It is considered as a form of thrombotic microangiopathy [TMA], the other form is thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura [TTP] A6 -year old Saudi boy who is a known case of sickle cell disease, was hospitalized for sequestration crisis. He developed acute renal failure, [ARF]accompanied by hemodynamic instability resulting from dehydration of gastritis and hypovolemia of sequestration crisis, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, and hemolytic anemia following a short episode of abdominal pain. In the next few days of, what initially appeared as typical splenic sequestration, and prerenal failure, this patient developed persistent renal failure after correction of dehydration and packed red cell transfusion We report here a case of parvovirus B 19 infection that was complicated with hemolytic uremic syndrome that manifested by triad of ( hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure), in a case of sickle cell disease. Herein, positivity of parvovirus B19, a common cause of aplastic crises in sickle cell disease, was associated with HUS.