Study the Oncomodulation Potential of Human Cytomegalovirus and its Correlation with TGF-?1 in a Group of Iraqi Patients with OSCC

BackgroundWithin the the oral cavity, Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the commonest malignant tumor which represents more than 90 % of these malignancies. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a member of the Betaherpesvirinaesubfamily, is a ubiquitous herpes virus that leads to a life-long persistence. The role of the virus involvement in the cancer development is summarized in the concept of oncomodulation. Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-1) play an important role during cancer cell proliferation when the signaling pathway. Objectives 1. Study the oncomodulation of CMV in a group of Iraqi patients with OSCC.2. Study the correlation between the CMV and TGF- in those patients. Methods A total of (42) formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded oral tissue blocks were enrolled in this retrospective research during the period from 1987 till 2014. These samples were divided in to two groups a study group of (25) blocks of OSCC and a control group of (17) blocks obtained from apparently healthy individuals. The expression of HCMV pp65 and TGFb1 were investigated using immuohistochemistry application. Results The expression of the HCMVpp65 were found in 84 % (21 out of 25) of the OSCC cases. Immunohistochemical staining showed positive results for the expression of TGFb1 in 88 % (22 out of 25) of the study group. The is no statistical correlation between the expression of HCMV and TGFb1 in the patients with OSCC. Conclusion There is an increase findings that suggest the possible involvement of HCMV as anoncomodulatory virus during the development of the OSCC. However, the definite role of HCMV needs to be further investigated using other factors and cellular signal pathways that correlate with cancer progression like smoking, tobacco, Cyclogenase -2 pathway, angiogenesis, MMPs and Apotosis pathways which provide a promising insight for the researchers to develop effective strategies for cancer therapy.