Assessment of Some Salivary Biomarkers in Sample of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a very common problem in childhood and any one deal with children is likely to encounter it. It is multifactorial disorder which results from combination of environmental and genetic factors. If children with ADHD are identified early and appropriate interventions are made the problem is likely to be mitigated. Aims of the study This study is the first to assess the psychosocial endocrine hormonestress in a sampleof Iraqi primary school children experiencing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared against normal pupilsand provide further information of the role of some salivary biomarkers. Materials and methods The study sample included 85 school males pupils, with the age ranged between 8-12 years, selected from primary schools, at Al-Qadisiyah city. Revised version of Rutter Child Behavior Questionnaire has been used as a means for identification of children with ADHD and children with prosocial (control). Assess the DMFT/dmft index, flow rate, serological and hormonal analysis were made to estimate peroxidase and alpha-amylase levels in saliva of 50 ADHD pupils and 35 normal pupils as control group, using Indirect enzyme linked immuonosorbent assay. This study was conducted during the period from the beginning of 2015 to the end of 2016. Results In Oral Health Status investigation we found the level of DMFThighly significant increased (p=0.001) in ADHD pupils than in control group (1.488 vs.1.031). While the dmft level was not significant (pgreater than0.05), in ADHD group compared with control group (1.820 vs.1.314). In Physiological investigation we found the level of salivary flow rate in ADHD group and controls group wasno significantly difference (0.186 ml/min) in ADHD group when compared to control group (0.183ml/min), at p-value (pgreater than0.05) and. In hormonal and biochemical investigation we found the Salivary Alpha-amylase levels are highly significant increased (p=0.01) in ADHD pupils (253.364 unitL) than in control group (136.863 unitL). Also the levels of the Salivary peroxidase were highly significant increased (p=0.01) among ADHD pupils (0.369 unitL) compared with control group (0.247 unitL). ConclusionIt was concluded, the percentage of the dental caries in ADHD among primary schools children is high in the studied schools and may be due to the changes in the levels of hormones. Due to the little information about this disorder, this study is considered as important baseline data for ADHD in Iraq.