Another Wall and Pollen Development in Averrhoa carambola L.

This study reveals that anatomical development of anther wall and pollen in Averrhoa carambola L. flower. The developments, in different stages, were observed through a preparation by paraffin method, LR White resin method, and SEM. The preparation was observed using a light microscope. Results showed that anther derived from archesporial cells surrounded by epidermal cells. The archesporial cells divided into primary sporogenous cell and primary parietal cells. The former was then to form microspore mother cells that meiotically divided into dyad and tetrad, respectively. Pollen with one nucleus was released from the tetrad present in sporangia of the anther. The nucleus of the pollen was mitotically divided into pollen with two nuclei named vegetative and generative nuclei. The latter divided and differentiated into anther wall consisted of the epidermis, endothecium, two middle layers, and tapetum