Literature Review: Mitigation of Atmospheric Turbulence Impact on Long Distance Imaging System with Various Methods

A consequence of non-stationary random distribution of refractive index in layer of atmosphere is air turbulence. Numerous methods have been developed to mitigate the impact of turbulence on performance of imaging system. This paper is a comprehensive, critical review of atmospheric turbulence; nature, cause and impacts on imaging with distance and exposure time, We present existing restoration algorithms and MEMS/MOEMS based adaptive optics to correct geometric deformation and time-/space-varying blur with their results to get high quality image from image sequences or videos affected by turbulent flow of air in atmosphere.