Proteomics-A New Dimension to Diagnosis

Proteins are vital parts of living organisms, as they are integral components of the physiological metabolic pathways of cells. Proteomics is defined as the study of all proteins including their relative abundance, distribution, posttranslational modifications, functions, and interactions with other macromolecules, in a given cell or organism within a given environment and at a specific stage in the cell cycle. Periodontitis is the result of complex interrelationship between infectious agents and host factors. The onset, progression and severity of periodontal disease are mainly mediated by various protein molecules. The proteome map, that is, complete catalogue of the matrix and cellular proteins expressed in alveolar bone, cementum, periodontal ligament, and gingiva, is to be explored for more in-depth understanding of periodontium. The proteins involved in pathogenesis of periodontal disease can be used as biomarkers. The knowledge of various proteins involved in periodontal disease pathogenesis can be used in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases.