A Review of Phase Lock Loop Techniques used in Communication Engineering

In the optical communication in a backbone infra-structure, flexibility means, for example, programmable bitrates requiring a PLL with robust operation over a wide range of frequency range. A wide range PLL could be used by different protocols and applications so that we maximize the reusability and reduce time to market. In this review paper emphasis has been given to understand the basics of phase lock loop (PLL) systems and their underlying architecture. Also emphasis has been given to understand the basic design methodology for these systems.