TiO2 Nanofluid in an Enclosure of Composite Material with Various Based Fluids

This paper presents a numerical study of steady state natural convection heat transfer of TiO2 nanofluid in a horizontal annulus between two coaxial cylinders. The annulus material is made of Graphite/epoxy laminated composite materials. The Four different nanoparticles volume fractions are taken with the range of, modified Rayleigh number (10) and abased fluid of water and Ethylene Glycol (EG) with percents of (0). The Finite difference approximation is used to solve the governing equations. The results show that at Ra*=10, adding nanoparticles to the pure water of 0 % Ethylene glycol (EG) cause an enhancement in heat transfer of 344.7 % for = 0.4 TiO2. A base fluid of 30 % EG in water at Ra*=1000 and with =0.4 enhance the heat transfer with 392.6 % and 430 % enhancement in heat transfer will be obtained for 90 % EG in water with Ra*=1000 and =0.4. A correlation for Nu related with Ra, and % EG, has been developed for inner cold cylinder.