Histopathological Analysis of Uterine Lesions in Hysterectomy Specimens

Background The Female Genital Tract is a hormone responsive system to a degree unmatched by any other system in the body. The gross configuration of uterus changes dramatically throughout life. It is a kind of -Puppet on a string-, thus manipulated throughout life by changing levels of ovarian hormones. The Gynecolological specimen forms the substantial proportion of work load in histopathology department. Two cardinal clinical manifestation of gynecological disease are abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility. Hysterectomy is the most common major gynecological operation in the world. It can be done through either abdominal or vaginal route. Cervix is an organ which usually function as normal pathological conditions. While infection of the female genital tract are commonly encountered in gynecological practice, Incidence of non neoplstic and neoplastic lesion of cervix depend on various age group. World wide cancer of cervix is 2nd most common cancer in women. Objective of studyThe present study is aimed at detailed histopathological evaluation of all lesion of hysterectomy specimen. ( It produce an intact uterus and consequent control over tissue sampling and hence enabling determination of origin of particular lesion. ) Methodology 697 cases of hysterectomy specimen during 2 year were reviewed. Statstical data for age, clinical presentation and histopathological diagnosis was reviewed and overall clinicopathologial correalation was done. ResultPeak age group of hysterectomy was 41-50 years with 253 (34.6 %) cases. Youngest patient was 21 years old and oldest was 75 years old. Commonest type of hysterectomy done was total abdominal hysterectomy in 485 (69.6 %) cases. Commonest clinical indication of diagnosis for hysterectomy was Prolapse uterus in 211 (30.3 %) cases followed by fibroid uterus in 155 (22.2 %) cases, dysfunctional uterine bleeding in 136 (19.5 %). Most common presenting complaint was menorrhagia and mass per vagina. Conclusion Hysterectomy is the most common surgery performed in gynaecological practice. A wide range of lesions were noted when hysterectomy specimens are subjected to histopathological examination.