A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Self Instruction Module on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Prevention of Complications among Diabetic Patients in Selected Hospitals in Pune

Introduction Diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder affecting populations in all geographical regions of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has projected that the prevalence of diabetes is increasing in epidemic proportions especially in developing countries. India has the highest number of people with Diabetes in the World. Over time, diabetes can damage the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Diabetes increases the risk of heart disease and stroke.50 % of people with diabetes die of cardiovascular disease (primarily heart disease and stroke). Combined with reduced blood flow, neuropathy (nerve damage) in the feet increases the chance of foot ulcers, infection and eventual need for limb amputation. The burden of diabetes is increasing globally, particularly in developing countries. Although there is good evidence that a large proportion of cases of diabetes and its complications can be prevented by a healthy diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal body weight and avoiding tobacco, this evidence is not widely implemented. Diabetes mellitus is reaching potentially epidemic proportions in India. The level of morbidity and mortality due to diabetes and its potential complications are enormous, and pose significant healthcare burdens on both families and society. Worryingly, diabetes is now being shown to be associated with a spectrum of complications and to be occurring at a relatively younger age within the country. Statement of problem A study to assess the effectiveness of self instruction module on knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding prevention of complications among diabetic patients in selected hospitals in Pune. Objectives of the study 1. To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding prevention of diabetes complications among diabetic patients.2. To determine the effectiveness of self instruction module on prevention of complications among diabetic patients.3. To find the association between knowledge, attitude and practice regarding prevention of complications and the selected demographic variables. Assumptions People who suffer from diabetes mellitus do not have enough knowledge regarding prevention of complications. Self instruction module can helps diabetic patients to improve their knowledge on prevention of complication. Hypothesis H0 -There will be no significant difference between pretest score and post test score on knowledge, attitude and practice regarding prevention of complications among diabetic patients. H1 -There will be significant difference between pretest score and post test score on knowledge, attitude and practice regarding prevention of complications among diabetic patients. Delimitations The study is delimited to Those who are suffering from diabetes mellitus Those of age between 30- 50. Limitations The study is delimited to Those suffering from diabetes in selected areas of Pune. The preset time limit.60 sample size. Scope of the study The study helps to find out knowledge, attitude and practice of diabetic patients. The study will help to find out how effective self instruction module on prevention of complications of diabetic patients. The findings of the study can be used to help people suffering from diabetes to educate them the measures to be used for prevent the development of complications. Sample and sampling technique The sample of the present study includes those people suffering from diabetes mellitus in selected hospitals of Pune. Sample size 60 samples who met the inclusion criteria were selected for the present study. Sampling technique In the present study non probability convenient sampling technique was adopted to select the samples. Convenient sampling is selected as it is the easiest, fastest, most convenient, accessible and most proximal to the researcher. Sampling criteria Inclusion criteria.1. Patients with diabetes mellitus.2. Those who, available at the time of data collection.3. Those who are admitted in the hospital.4. Those who all are between the age of 30 to 50 years.5. Those who are capable to read and understand English or Marathi. Exclusion criteria The study excludes 1. Who are not willing to participate in the study.2. Who are suffering with major illness.3. Those who are suffering from diabetic retinopathy.4. Those who have attended self awareness programmes related to diabetes mellitus. Description of the tool The tool has four sections Section A is demographic data. The demographic variables were included according to the objectives of the study. Section B 20 multiple choice questions. The samples or respondents have to choose the best option for each question. Section C Rating scale. Section D Checklist. Validity Validity of an instrument refers to the degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure. There are different types of validati