Design of Residential Grid-Tied Photovoltaic System with New Controlling Technique Under Indian Net Metering Law

The depletion of fossil-fuel resources on a worldwide basis has necessitated an urgent search for substitute energy sources to meet up the present day demand. Solar energy is clean, inexhaustible and environment-friendly resource among all renewable energy options [1]. But neither a standalone solar photovoltaic (PV) system nor a wind energy system can provide a continuous supply of energy due to seasonal and periodic weather variations. Therefore, in order to satisfy the load demand, grid connected energy systems are now being implemented, that combines solar and utility grid [2]. In this paper, a grid tied photovoltaic system was developed by omitting the energy storage device like large capacity battery bank. It will not only reduce the internal losses for charging and discharging of battery bank but also cost of the system. So, the system maintenance cost has been reduced. Here we proposed a new approach to design a photovoltaic (PV) grid-tied system, which can be operated by feeding the solar power to the national grid along with the residential load [3]. Again, if there is an extra power demand for residential load along with the solar power then this system can also provide an opportunity to consume the power from the utility grid. If the power consumption by the residential user is zero watts, then the entire generated solar power is fed to the national grid. Also, an overview of Indian net metering mechanism for renewable energy sources for power generation systems was carried out in this paper. By the proposed design and control mechanism, efficiency of the photovoltaic system was increased. In India, the proposed limit for commercial settlement of electricity is generation as 95 % of the total consumption in a financial year [6]. Any excess injection of power to the utility grid, at the end of financial year to be considered as free energy. So, for that reason we have to install the photovoltaic (PV) power system that is equal/less than the total load of the residential user. By this proposed design, no worries about high power bills and also we get the invested money back in short span of time.