Detection of Rhinovirus and Some DNA/RNA Viruses using Multiplex-Real-time PCR and both of Complement (C3) Level and Rhinovirus-Ag in Patients with Acute Respiratory Tract Infection: Molecular and Immunological Study

Acute upper respiratory infections, generally known as common colds are the most frequent acute illnesses world-wide. Depending on multiplex Real-Time PCR technique, our study has been undertaken for determining the diagnostic importancy of Human Rhino virus (HRV) and other associated DNA/RNA viruses including, human Respiratory Syncytial virus (hRSv), Human Metapneumovirus (hMpv), Human parainfluenza virus 1-4 (hPiv), human coronavirus (hCov), Human B, C and E Adenovirus (hAdv) and Human Bocavirus (hBov) in common cold disease. Further, to detect the role of some immunological parameters in serum of patients like level of complement 3 and rhinovirus Ag in rhinovirus infection. The samples of 84 individuals infected with common cold were collected and studied during the period from December, 2012 to April 2013. The frequencies of infections are remarkably varied from 1 up to 23 which was constituted more than half the infections. The most common type causative agent was hRv which accounted for 56.1% followed by hRv+hRSV-hMpv, 12.19% and hRv+hAdv-hBov, 9.75% respectively. Also, the most rarely infection was hRSV-hMpv which found only in one case. On the other hand, complement 3 was used as a potent immuno-parameter to detect it's level in a sample of 80 tested individuals infected with human rhinovirus at which it was found that there is a simple linear correlation coefficient matrix of the variables complement 3 (C3) and Rhinovirus antigen (RhV-Ag). In conclusion, multiplex RT- PCR is a rapid, cost effective, specific and highly sensitive method for detection of respiratory viruses including rhinovirus. Further, this study was focused a highlight on the critical roles of the complement system (C3) in the pathogenesis of rhinovirus infection. Furthermore, RhV-Ag was found to be significantly correlated with the complement C3 at pless than0.05 and RhV-Ag cannot be predicted by means of complement C3.