A Clinical Study on Thyroid Dysfunction in Pregnancy and its Effect on the Fetomaternal Outcome

Aim- The study was conducted to determine the occurrence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy and its effects on the fetomaternal outcome. Materials & Methods- This was a hospital based prospective study conducted in the department of obstetrics & gynecology, TMMCRC, MBD, U. P, India, over a period of 1 year ( Jan 2013 to Jan 2014). Results- 1000 Pregnant women were screened for thyroid dysfunction, 60 had abnormal TFT ( Incidence 6 %), out of which 2.5 % had overt hypothyroidism, 2.0 % had SCH, 1.0 % had overt hyperthyroidism and 0.5 % had sub-clinical hyperthyroidism. Incidence of hypothyroidism was 4.5 % and that of hyperfunctioning of the thyroid gland was 1.5 %. Maternal complication included abortion (4.5 %), pre-eclampsia (7.8 %), abruption (2.3 %), preterm labour (2.2 %), PPH (1.6 %) puerperal sepsis (1.3). Neonatal complications observed were seen in 14.5 % pregnancy which included -preterm birth (2.0 %), LBW (2.4 %), IUGR (1.8 %), stillbirth (0.9 %), 0, low APGAR score (less than7) (2.1 %), NICU admission (2.8 %), neonatal sepsis (1.5 %), neonatal death (1.0 %). Conclusion - Thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy, though has a low incidence, but is associated with adverse maternal and fetal implications. Thus thyroid screening shoud be done in antenatal period to improve fetomaternatal outcome.