Overuse of Cigarettes Smoking and Link with Urologic Disease

Tobacco smoking is a major worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality from various diseases, including urologic diseases. Cigarettes smoking is a leading cause of death from cancer, although the relationship between Smoking and urologic cancer is controversial. Objective To evaluate the available evidence of the role of the cigarette smoking and urologic disease development and progression, and to discuss possible clinical implication for Urologic Disease management. Material & Methods A literature search was conducted to identify original articles, reviews, editorials, and international scientific congress s (published in English language) combining the following terms cigarette smoking, urogenital diseases, smokeless tobacco, tobacco cessation We selected articles according to predefined inclusion criteria and the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis. Results Most of the studies demonstrated the link between Cigarette smoking and Urologic diseases. The association between cigarette smoking and Urologic diseases incidence is controversial, particularly in recent series. Current cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of Urologic diseases morbidity, and the number of cigarettes smoked per day a dose-response association with Urologic diseases mortality. Smokers present a high risk of biochemical or distant failure after urologic diseases treatment. Several biological mechanisms behind these association have been proposed, although the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Further research is required to better understand the role of smoking of urologic cancer developing and progression and, particularly to evaluate the possible effect of smoking cessation on urologic malignant/non-malignant diseases management. Conclusion Data from the Peer-Reviewed literature suggested an association of smoking and aggressive urologic cancer. Although the pathophysiology underling these association remains unclear. Smokers presented higher urologic cancer mortality and worse outcome after treatment. Smoking-cessation counseling should be implemented for patient with urologic malignant/non-malignant diseases, although its effect on urologic cancer progression should be investigated.