Energy Efficient Hierarchical Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor Network comprises of a large number of sensing devices. A sensor network can be built with at least one Base station and a number of sensors. The sensor nodes are deployed on different locations, whose job is to monitor the network in real time. The monitoring and analyzing of the data that is sometimes selective parameter of same or different environment or system. In recent years, more and more sensors are deployed. Due to the limited power backup, processing capability, communication range, and these sensors should be used more efficiently since transmission and reception costs loss of energy at rapid rate. To improve the efficiency, some routing protocols have already been proposed. In this survey paper, we have reviewed various routing protocols such as LEACH, TEEN, APTEEN protocols on the basis of their functionality, complexity and energy [1]. In these protocols, the sensor nodes react not only to time critical applications but also give response to periodic intervals. The time criticality response makes the protocol an efficient protocol.