Network Architecture Design for Wireless Sensor Nodes

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) provide a new paradigm for sensing and disseminating information from various environments, with the potential to serve many and diverse applications. Current WSNs typically communicate directly with a centralized controller or satellite. On the other hand, a smart WSN consists of a number of sensors spread across a geographical area, each sensor has wireless communication capability and sufficient intelligence for signal processing and networking of the data. The key challenge in setting up and proper operation of WSN is to increase the life span of the network by optimizing the energy consumption. A sensor node is battery-operated. Thus, lifetime of a sensor node depends unequivocally on the battery life time, particularly where no power source recharging is conceivable in a few requisitions situations. Since the principle goals of sensor nodes are sensing/gathering events, information handling, and information transmission through routing, then the force asset might be separated among these three operations (sensing, computation, and communications). On the other hand, lifetime of a sensor node plays a key role on energy effectiveness and strength of sensor node. Therefore, numerous investigates are concentrating on planning power-aware protocols and calculations for WSNs with the objective of minimization of vitality use.