Tibial Longitudinal Deficiency: Case Report and Literature Review

Tibial longitudinal deficiency (TLD) is a rare congenital anomaly with an estimated incidence of 1 per 1, 000, 000 live births. This congenital defect can affect unilateral limb, which is more common, or it can present as bilateral defect of the tibiae. Inter-individual variability in the expression of the phenotype and inheritance with reduced penetrance have been reported. It may occur purely as an isolated anomaly of the tibia or it might associate with various skeletal and extra-skeletal malformations. Many authors have hypothesised the aetiology of TLD. There are four types of classification systems of TLD. Treatment of TLD is based on the functional impairment and type of anomaly present.