Ethanol Extract of Galangal (Kaempferia Galanga) Supplementation Inhibited the Elevation of Liver Steatosis Cells Number, Gamma Glutamyl Transferase, and Triglyceride Concentration in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) FED with Used Cooking Oil

Used cooking oil is unhealthy fat that caused damage to various organs in the body. Consumption of used cooking oil increases the synthesis and decreases triglyceride oxidation, resulting in its accumulation in the liver, which is a trigger of liver steatosis. Galangal (Kaempferia galanga) contains flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins, and it has an anti- hyperlipidemic effect. The study aims to prove that the ethanol extract of galangal inhibits the elevation of liver steatosis cells number, Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), and triglycerides concentration in male Wistar rats (Rattus Norvegicus) fed with used cooking oil. A post-test-only control group design was conducted. The samples were 36 healthy male Wistar rats, 3-4 months old, weighed 200-210 gram, divided randomly into two groups. The control group was administrated with 1.5 ml of used cooking oil and 1 ml of aquadest placebo, while the intervention group was supplemented with 1.5 ml of used cooking oil and 100 mg of galangal ethanol extract that dissolved in 1 ml aquadest, once daily orally, for 28 days. The number of the liver steatosis cell, the plasma GGT, and TG concentration were measured after the intervention. The number of steatosis cells in the intervention group was found significantly lower than the control group (4.79 ? 2.40 fg/5 HPF vs. 25.55 ? 7.43 fg/5 HPF; pless than0.001). The GGT concentration in the intervention group was also significantly lower than the GGT in the control group (5.00 (3.53 ? 5.35) ng/ml vs. 5.83 (4.22-10.15)) ng/ml ; pless than0.001 ). The TG concentration in the intervention group was significantly lower than the mean TG in the control group (78.12 mg/dL ? 21.86 vs. 142 mg/dL ? 27.18; p?0.001). In conclusion, the ethanol extract of galangal inhibited the elevation of liver?s steatosis number, plasma?s GGT, and triglycerides concentration in male Wistar rats fed with used cooking oil.